Grand Aumôner
Area: headed the ecclesiastical household
Alphonse Louis du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal and Archbishop of Aix
Tenure: 1632-1653
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| Alphose Louis |
Tenure: 1653-1671
His family had fled to France following accusations of greed - and probably more palpable charges - where they were received at the French court.
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| Antoine Barberini |
Tenure: 1671-1700
Emmanuel Theodore officiated two royal weddings of great importance: that of Marie-Louise d'Orléans to the king of Spain as well as that of the Grand Dauphin to Marie Anne Victoire of Bavaria. Once the Duc d'Anjou was chosen as the next king of Spain, it was he who ordained the king.
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| Emmanuel Theodore |
Pierre du Cambout de Coislin, Cardinal and Bishop of Orléans
Tenure: 1700-1706
Pierre was unexpectedly named cardinal in 1697 which permitted him to sit in the conclave of 1700.
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| Pierre |
Toussaint de Forbin de Janson, Cardinal and Bishop-Comte de Beauvais
Tenure: 1706-1713
Louis XIV quickly realized that Toussaint had a flair for diplomacy. Amongst other tasks he was sent to Tuscany to attempt to reconcile the Duke with his French wife, Marguerite Louise d'Orléans.
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| Toussaint |
Armand Gaston Maximilien de Rohan-Soubise, Cardinal and Bishop-Prince de Strasbourg
Tenure: 1713- 1742
A great lover of architecture he would build some splendid palaces including an episcopal palace in Strasbourg.
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| Armand Gaston Maximilien |
Frédéric Jérôme de La Rochefoucauld, Cardinal-Archbishop de Bourges
Tenure: 1742-1745
Frédéric was greatly valued by Louis XV; by 1740 he was recorded as giving the king advice on "every imaginable topic".
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| Frédéric Jérôme |
Armand de Rohan-Soubise, Cardinal-Bishop-Prince de Strasbourg
Tenure: 1745-1748
He was a relative of the previous Grand Aumônier as well as the brother of the Prince de Soubise.
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| Armand de Rohan-Soubise |
Nicolas de Saulx-Tavannes, Cardinal and Bishop-Comte de Châlons
Tenure: 1748-1760
He assisted in the coronation of Louis XV as well as officiating the marriage between Louis d'Orléans and Augusta Maria of Baden. He would also become the first chaplain to Marie Leszczynska.
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| Nicolas de Saulx-Tavannes |
Charles Antoine de La Roche-Aymon, Cardinal and Duc de Reims
Tenure: 1760-1777
It was Charles Antoine who both administered the last rites to Louis XV and married Louis Auguste to Marie Antoinette.
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| Charles Antoine |
Louis René Edouard de Rohan-Guéménée, Bishop-Prince de Strasbourg
Tenure: 1777-1786
Louis René lost his post after the Affair of the Diamond Necklace where he had done his utmost to incriminate the queen.
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| Louis René Edouard |
Louis Joseph de Montmorency-Laval, Cardinal and Bishop-Prince de Metz
Tenure: 1786-1792
He emigrated during the revolution after having make his opposition to the new constitution clear.
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| Louis-Joseph |
Grand Écuyers
Area: ran the royal stables and was therefore in charge of keeping the horses, carriages etc.Henri Coiffier de Ruzé d'Effiat, Marquis de Cinq-Mars
Tenure: 1639-1642
Executed for conspiring against Cardinal Richelieu when Henri's mail was intercepted.
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| Henri Coiffier |
Henri de Lorraine, Comte d'Harcourt
Tenure: 1643-1658
During the Fronde he remained loyal to Anne of Austria; nevertheless, he fell out with Cardinal Mazarin and decided to retire to Alsace.
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| Henri de Lorraine |
Louis de Lorraine, Comte d'Armagnac
Tenure: 1666-1677
His younger brother was the infamous Chevalier de Lorraine, lover of Philippe d'Orléans.
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| Louis de Lorraine |
Henri de Lorraine, Comte de Brionne
Tenure: 1677-1713
Henri was sent to retrieve Marie Adélaide of Savoy when she arrived at the French border in 1696 for her wedding to the Duc de Bourgogne.
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| Henri de Lorraine |
Charles de Lorraine, Comte d'Armagnac
Tenure: 1718-1751
He married Françoise Adélaide de Noailles who was the niece of Madame de Maintenon.
Louis-Charles de Lorraine, Comte de Brionne
Tenure: 1751-1761
Louis-Charles married thrice and was also created Governor of Anjou.
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| Louis-Charles |
Charles-Eugène de Lorraine, Prince de Lambesc
Tenure: 1761-1791
When the Tuileries was stormed he was amongst those who defended it in vain; he would emigrate were he fought to restore the monarchy. He would never return to France although he was given back his lands and titles during the restoration.
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| Charles-Eugène |
Grand Fauconniers
Area: in charge of hunting by falconry
Claude de Lorraine, Duc de Chevreuse
Tenure: 1622-1643
His wife, Marie de Rohan, was deeply involved in court intrigues but Claude managed to stay clear of any stain associated with such activities.
Claude de Lorraine
Louis-Charles d'Albert de Luynes, Duc de Luynes
Tenure: 1643-1650
Louis-Charles had quite a duality of talents. On one hand he was a skilled soldier who participated in the campaign of Arras; on the other he was the author of several pieces on moral and piety.
Louis-Charles
Nicolas Dauvet, Comte Desmarets
Tenure: 1650-1666
He actually had the title of Marquis de Saint-Phale as well but was generally known by his title of count.
Alexis-François Dauvet, Comte Desmarets
Tenure: 1672-1688
He served as Lieutenant-General as well as governor of Anjou.
François Dauvet, Comte Desmarets
Tenure: 1688-1717
Louis-François Dauvet, Marquis de Desmarets
Tenure: 1717-1748
Inherited the office from his father and was elevated to the rank of Marquis as well.
Louis César de La Baume Le Blanc, Duc de La Vallière
Tenure: 1748-1762
Nephew of Madame de La Vallière, he set himself up in the Château de Champs-sur-Marne where he played host to Voltaire, Diderot and the like.
Louis César
Louis-Gaucher de Châtillon, Duc de Châtillon
Tenure: 1762
Born at Versailles he would later go on to serve as Lieutenant-General as well as colonel of a grenadier corps.
Louis-Gaucher
Louis César de La Baume Le Blanc, Duc de La Vallière (again)
Tenure: 1762-1780
Jules-César de Crémeaux, Marquis d'Entragues
Tenure: 1780
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| Claude de Lorraine |
Louis-Charles had quite a duality of talents. On one hand he was a skilled soldier who participated in the campaign of Arras; on the other he was the author of several pieces on moral and piety.
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| Louis-Charles |
He actually had the title of Marquis de Saint-Phale as well but was generally known by his title of count.
He served as Lieutenant-General as well as governor of Anjou.
Inherited the office from his father and was elevated to the rank of Marquis as well.
Nephew of Madame de La Vallière, he set himself up in the Château de Champs-sur-Marne where he played host to Voltaire, Diderot and the like.
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| Louis César |
Born at Versailles he would later go on to serve as Lieutenant-General as well as colonel of a grenadier corps.
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| Louis-Gaucher |
He served as a cavalry captain in the Condé-regiment
Joseph-Hyacinthe de Rigaud, Comte de Vaudreuil
Tenure: 1780-1791
He was a great favourite of Marie Antoinette as well as the Comte de Provence. Once the revolution broke out he followed the future Charles X into exile.
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| Joseph-Hyacinthe |
Grand Louvetiers
Area: directed the hunts of wolfs and boars
Claude de Rovroy, Duc de Saint-Simon
Tenure: 1636-1643
Initially he was a favourite of Louis XIII but fell out with the king after having sided with the Baron de Saint-Léger.
Claude de Rovroy
Henri II de Bourbon-Condé, Prince de Condé
Tenure: 1643-1646
He was imprisoned by Cardinal Richelieu but was later released by the king thanks to the efforts of the Duc de Luynes. Following this he partook in several military campaigns.
Henri II
Charles de Bailleul, Seigneur du Perray
Tenure: 1646-1651
Nicolas de Bailleul, Seigneur
Tenure: 1651-1655
François-Gaspard de Montmorin, Marquis de Saint-Herem
Tenure: 1655-1684
Tenure: 1636-1643
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| Claude de Rovroy |
He was imprisoned by Cardinal Richelieu but was later released by the king thanks to the efforts of the Duc de Luynes. Following this he partook in several military campaigns.
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| Henri II |
He served Henri IV where he defended the village of Sabazat.
Michel Sublet, Marquis d'Heudicourt
Tenure: 1684-1718
He was on good terms with the king during his entire life - his wife, Bonne de Pons, was a brief mistress of the monarch.
Pons-Auguste Sublet, Marquis d'Heudicourt
Tenure: 1718-1737
Antonin-Armand de Belsunze, Comte de Castelmoron
Tenure: 1737-1741
He inherited the office after his father-in-law, the Marquis d'Heudicourt.
Agésilas-Gaston de Grossoles, Marquis de Flamarens
Tenure: 1741-1753
In the army he held the rank of maître-de-camp; he was the first of his family to be elevated to the rank of Marquis.
Emmanuel-François de Grossoles, Comte de Flamarens
Tenure: 1753-1780
During the Seven Years' War he led the regiment of the queen's dragoons as maître-de-camp.
Joseph-Louis-Bernard de Cléron, Comte d'Haussonville
Tenure: 1780-1791
He was involved in the military campaigns that wreaked havoc on the shores of Newfoundland in 1762. He was taken prisoner by the British following a disastrous battle in September.
He was on good terms with the king during his entire life - his wife, Bonne de Pons, was a brief mistress of the monarch.
He inherited the office after his father-in-law, the Marquis d'Heudicourt.
In the army he held the rank of maître-de-camp; he was the first of his family to be elevated to the rank of Marquis.
During the Seven Years' War he led the regiment of the queen's dragoons as maître-de-camp.
He was involved in the military campaigns that wreaked havoc on the shores of Newfoundland in 1762. He was taken prisoner by the British following a disastrous battle in September.
Grand Maîtres of Ceremony
Area: responsible for the ceremonies performed at court
Claude Pot, Seigneur de RhodesTenure: 1622-1642
Henri Pot, Seigneur de Rhodes
Tenure: 1642-1666
Charles Pot, Marquis de Rhodes
Tenure: 1666-1684
Elevated to the rank of Marquis.
Jules-Armand Colbert, Marquis de Blainville
Tenure: 1684-1701
He was the fourth son of the infamous minister Colbert and served in the Netherlands under the command of the young Duc de Bourgogne.
Thomas de Dreux-Brézé, Marquis de Dreux-Brézé
Tenure: 1701-1749
He was promoted from lieutenant of the guard to brigadier to Lieutenant General of the king's army.
Michel de Dreux, Marquis de Dreux-Brézé
Tenure: 1749-1754
Like his father, he served in the army. Amongst others he fought under Maurice de Saxe during the Seven Years' War.
Joachim de Dreux, Marquis de Dreux-Brézé
Tenure: 1755-1781
The younger brother of Michel, he was marèchal-de-camp for a naval regiment. Later, he was promoted to Lieutenant General.
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| At the coronation of Louis XVI |
Henri-Évrad de Dreux, Marquis de Dreux-Brézé
Tenure: 1781-1792
His military career was quite short since he was soon called upon to partake in the General Assembly of 1789.
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| Henri-Évrad |
Grand Maîtres of the King's Wardrobe
Area: purchasing and keeping the king's clothing as well as every fabric used in royal ceremony in pristine order.Henri Coiffier de Ruzé d'Effiat, Marquis de Cinq-Mars
Tenure: 1639-?
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| Henri Coiffier |
Jean Antoine de Pardaillan de Gondrin, Marquis de Montespan
Tenure: ?-1644
Jean married Marie-Anne de Saint-Lary but they had no children. He was maître-de-camp of the regiment of Bourgogne.
François de Paule de Clermont, Marquis de Montglat
Tenure: 1644-1653
He fought as maître-de-camp but got a head-injury while his regiment was stationed at La Bassé. After this, the king offered him this recently vacated position.
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| François |
Charles Maximilien de Belleforière, Marquis de Soyécourt
Tenure: 1653-1656
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| Charles Maximilien |
Jacques-Guy de Chaumont Quitry, Marquis de Quitry
Tenure: 1656-1672
François VII de La Rochefoucauld, Duc de La Rochefoucauld
Tenure: 1672-1679
He distinguished himself in the service of Louis XIV; besides this title he also held that of Grand Veneur de France.
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| François VII |
François VIII de La Rochefoucauld, Duc de La Rochefoucauld
Tenure: 1679-1718
The king granted him his own dukedom in 1679 when he was named as the first Duc de La Roche-Guyon. He fought in Flanders where he was seriously wounded but recovered and was made Marèchal de camp for his efforts.
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| François VIII |
Alexandre-François de La Rochefoucauld, Duc de La Rochefoucauld
Tenure: 1718-1758
François-Armand de La Rochefoucauld de Roye, Duc d'Estissac
Tenure: 1758-1783
François XII de La Rochefoucauld, Duc de Liancourt
Tenure: 1783-1791
Grand Maréchal des Logis
Area: arranged the lodgings of not only the king but also his court and the accompanying guards. This particular office was primarily relevant prior to Louis XIV settling at Versailles since the court would move between the royal residences.This office belonged to the family of de Baume de Suze throughout the entire era of Versailles. Therefore, it was held by the Comte or the Marquis de Suze.
Grand Prévôt
Area: controlled the police force at court and handled discipline amongst the guardsGeorges de Monchy, Marquis d'Hocquincourt
Tenure: 1630-1642
Besides this office, he also held that of Grand Maître d'Hôtel of the Queen and Lieutenant-General in the king's army.
Charles de Monchy, Marquis d'Hocquincourt
Tenure: 1642-1643
He served Louis XIII in various campaigns in Spain; however, following the Fronde he went to Spain where he was entrusted with the defense of Dunkirk. He died doing so.
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| Charles de Monchy |
Jean du Bouchet, Marquis de Sourches
Tenure: 1643-1677
He was elevated from Baron de Sourches to Marquis in 1652.
François-Louis du Bouchet, Marquis de Sourches
Tenure: 1677-1714
Held four governorships: those of Maine, Perches, Mans and Laval. He also served as colonel in the regiment of Sourches.
Louis du Bouchet, Marquis de Sourches
Tenure: 1714-1746
He inherited the governorships of Maine and Perches.
Louis II du Bouchet, Marquis de Sourches
Tenure: 1746-1788
At the age of eight years he was ensured that he would inherit the office of Grand Prévôt.
Charles du Bouchet de Sourches, Marquis de Tourzel
Tenure: 1788-1792
Grand Veneurs
Area: directed the royal hunts, primarily the stag hunts
Hercule de Rohan, Duc de Montbazon
Tenure: 1602-1643
He had been a close friend of Henri IV and had ridden in the same carriage as the king when he was assassinated.
He had been a close friend of Henri IV and had ridden in the same carriage as the king when he was assassinated.
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| Hercule de Rohan |
Tenure: 1643-1646
For a while, Henri II was the heir presumptive to the throne when Henri IV had no immediate heirs. Later, he would be third in line to the throne following immediately behind Gaston d'Orléans and Louis XIV.
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| Henri II de Bourbon-Condé |
Louis VIII de Rohan, Duc de Montbazon
Tenure: 1654-1656
Louis actually gained his title of Prince de Guéméné through his marriage to Anne de Rohan. He would later inherit the dukedom of Montbazon.
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| Louis VIII de Rohan |
Louis de Rohan, Comte de Mortiercrolles
Tenure: 1656-1669
Despite being a very wealthy man, Louis was not eager to spend his money. This - combined with greed - caused him to fall out with his sister, Anne de Rohan-Soubise. This would turn out to be a bit of a problem since she was the brief mistress of Louis XIV causing him to lose favour with the king.
Charles Maximillien de Belleforière, Marquis de Soyécourt
Tenure: 1669-1679
Charles was quite a good friend of Louis XIV; so much so that the king made him his aide-de-camp and demanded that Molière had the character of Dorante be based on him.
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| Charles Maximilien |
François VII de La Rochefoucauld, Duc de La Rochefoucauld
Tenure: 1679
François VIII de La Rochefoucauld, Duc de La Rochefoucauld
Tenure: 1679-1714
Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Comte de Toulouse
Tenure: 1714-1737
The legitimized son of La Montespan and Louis XIV, he was not considered to be as much of a threat as his older brother, the Duc du Maine. Consequently, he was allowed to have political influence during the Regency.
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| Louis Alexandre |
Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duc de Penthièvre
Tenure: 1737-1755
The only son of the Comte de Toulouse, he was regarded as one of the wealthiest men in Europe. He was also a very good friend of Louis XV.
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| Louis Jean Marie |
Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, Prince de Lamballe
Tenure: 1755-1768
He was the only son of the Duc de Penthièvre but died before his father; he was also the husband of Marie Antoinette's close friend, the Princesse de Lamballe.
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| Louis-Alexandre |
Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duc de Penthièvre (again)
Tenure: 1768-1791
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